I did this to resolve it:
Click Start Menu.
Click on Control Panel.
Under "Programs" click on "Uninstall a program".
Find Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable and uninstall it (as well as every other visual C++)
Uninstall Windows Live (How to Manually Uninstall Windows Live Messenger
Windows Live Messenger - Manually Uninstall - Windows 7 Forums)
Download the Visual C++ 2008 redistributable and the Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Service Pack. (and any other visual c++ that you may need to replace)
Reinstall Windows Live Messenger
Install it.
Reinstall Microsoft Visual Basic C++ Redistributable 2008 and 2008 (SP1) and other ones. For me, I deleted all of them, 2005-2010, but only re-installed 2005 and 2008. I didn't not originally have 2010, and I think that the programs did not have dependencies on 2010. For this thing, I also had checked the log that it mentions.
Following this, I believe that it worked. However, I had noticed on one site a recommendation to upgrade Messenger Plus which was still installed, but no longer compatible with Windows Live Messenger. I upgraded that too, but I am not sure that it is really very useful.. So, if you have that program, but think that it may not be useful anymore, try also uninstalling that.