You didn't run SFC command.Neverless there are something interesting things in your logs.
First your setupapi.dev.log filtered:
View attachment setup.txt
In this log is full errors like "file does not contain CatalogFile directive for the specified processor architecture <path to any WinSxS component>".But Readiness Tool which can also detect any issues with these folders don't see nothing wrong in your system.Strange

.
Apart in setupapi.dev.log there are some errors "ACCESS DENIED"
filtered CBS.log
View attachment report.txt.As I said before you didn't run SFC command neverless it also interesting.
My suggestions:
1.Because CBS.log report some issues with KB955430 I suggest first uninstall this hotfix,besides run this tool
Rizone Security Restore 0.2.2.228 | Rizone Technologies due to "ACCESS DENIED" in setupapi.dev.log.Next,from your CBS.log I think you have already installed SP1 but you don't have installed SP2,so if I have right please install SP2 standalone version
http://www.vistax64.com/windows-updates/229199-download-available-standalone-vista-sp2.html
2.If point 1 will fail:
I found on MS Technet a bit similar problem to you:the same error code :
0x800f0805 and also CheckSur.log don't report any issues
Installation of SP2 requests SP1, which is already installed
It turned out solution is uninstall comletely SP1 and next reinstall SP1 and install SP2.If you can't uninstall SP1 classic method you will have to do through command prompt (read thoroughly @Anand Chinivar and @gnvdk2 posts).
My privates warnings:
If cannot uninstall SP1 classic method,before follow @Anand Chinivar and @gnvdk2 posts you have to create
C:\Temp folder ,download SP1 standalone version and place it into
C:\Temp folder
Windows6.0-KB936330-X86.exe =SP1
See also MS article about unistalling service pack
How to uninstall Windows Vista service packs as a troubleshooting step
If you will have any problems with reinstalling SP1 try it through command prompt like did @gnvdk2 (last his post)