1) Is this issue limited to a particular file?
2) What is the complete error message?
3) Have you made any changes on the computer?
I would like more information regarding the issue.
Method 1-
Run the fixit from the article-
Fix broken desktop shortcuts and common system maintenance tasks
Method 2-
I would have you download and run and online virus scan.
Refer the link-
http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/en-us/default.aspx
Note: The antivirus will try to repair bad sectors on the hard drive damages by virus. Any data present on these sectors might be lost in the process. Proceed at your own risk.
Method 3-
Step 1-
You need to check if this issue persists in Safe Mode.
Refer the article-
Start your computer in safe mode
Note: Make sure you log back into Normal Mode after performing all the troubleshooting steps.
You need to select “Safe mode with Networking” instead of “Safe Mode”.
Proceed to Step 2 if, the issue does not persist in Safe Mode.
Step 2-
I would recommend you to perform Clean Boot.
Putting your system in Clean Boot state helps in identifying if any third party applications or startup items are causing the issue.
Refer the article-
How to troubleshoot a problem by performing a clean boot in Windows Vista or in Windows 7